The pattern in shilajit research
Several of the most-cited human trials of shilajit, covering testosterone, exercise, skin and bone, used the same branded, standardised extract, PrimaVie.[1][2][3][4] Using one well-characterised extract makes research more consistent, which is a genuine strength. It also means much of the human evidence describes one commercial product, and readers should check each paper’s funding and conflict-of-interest statements for its relationship to the extract’s maker.
Why industry funds supplement research
Natural products are difficult to patent, and public funding for supplement trials is limited. Companies that sell a standardised extract have a reason to fund research on it, both to support their product and to differentiate it. This is common across the supplement industry. For tongkat ali, for example, an independent evidence summary notes that most studies were funded by the maker of the extract tested.[5]
How funding can shape research
| Stage | Possible influence |
|---|---|
| Question | Studies chosen where benefits are likely |
| Design | Doses, populations and outcomes chosen favourably |
| Analysis | Emphasis on positive outcomes |
| Publication | Negative results less likely to be published |
None of these is inevitable, and many industry-funded studies are rigorous. They are reasons to look closely, not to dismiss.
How to read funding statements
- Find the funding sectionUsually near the end or in acknowledgements.
- Check the conflict-of-interest statementDo authors work for or consult for the supplier?
- Note who supplied the productOften stated in the methods.
- Check data analysisWas it independent of the funder?
Independent research
Some shilajit research comes from university groups using other preparations, such as a triple-blind trial of shilajit tablets for women’s sexual function.[6] Studies with different preparations and funders help show whether findings hold up beyond one product. More of this research would strengthen the evidence considerably.
How we handle funding
Our evidence ratings reflect study type, size, controls and replication. We report funding where it is relevant, but it doesn’t by itself change a rating; see our evidence rating system and how we grade evidence.
Funding and marketing claims
Brands sometimes cite trials of a branded extract to market products containing different shilajit. That borrows evidence from a product that may differ in origin, processing and dose. If a product cites a study, check whether it contains the same preparation at the same dose; see why research often can’t be applied to every product.
The wider picture
Conflicts of interest are a feature of supplement research generally; see research funding and conflicts of interest in supplements for the broader principles.
Why replication is the answer
The best safeguard against funding bias is independent replication: different researchers, different funders, ideally different preparations, reaching similar results. For shilajit, that replication is still limited; see evidence gaps.
Publication bias
Studies with positive results are more likely to be published than those with negative or neutral results, across all areas of research. For supplements, that can make the published evidence look more favourable than the full picture. Trial registration, where researchers record their plans before starting, helps reduce this problem, so it is worth checking whether a trial was registered.
Putting it into practice
When a product cites a study, open it and find three things: the funding statement, the conflict-of-interest statement and the product supplier. Then ask whether the product you are buying is the one studied. That short check often explains why a study’s results may not apply to a different product.
Our own position
Best Shilajit UK discloses its own commercial relationships wherever they are relevant, and they don’t affect how we rate research evidence. We apply the same scrutiny to every study, whoever funded it; see conflicts of interest.
A balanced view
It would be easy to dismiss all industry-funded research, but that would throw away useful evidence. Many industry-funded trials are well designed, registered and published in peer-reviewed journals. The balanced approach is to read them carefully, check whether the product studied matches the product being sold, and give extra weight to findings that independent groups have repeated. That approach respects good research without overstating what any single funder’s studies can show. Read carefully, weigh fairly and look for independent replication before drawing any firm conclusions about a product.
The bottom line
Much human shilajit research describes one branded extract, and supplement research is often industry-linked. That doesn’t invalidate findings, but it makes funding statements and independent replication important. Check who paid, who supplied the product and whether results have been repeated.
Frequently asked questions
Who funds shilajit research?
Does industry funding make results wrong?
No, but it makes independent replication more important.
Why do companies fund supplement research?
Natural products are hard to patent and public funding is limited.
Where do I find a study’s funding?
In the funding, acknowledgements or conflict-of-interest sections.
Is there independent shilajit research?
Some, using other preparations, such as a trial of shilajit tablets in women.[6]
Does funding affect your ratings?
We report it, but it doesn’t by itself change a rating.
Can a brand cite a study of another extract?
It can, but results may not apply to its product.
What is the best safeguard against bias?
Independent replication by different groups.
Sources & further reading
Primary research, regulators and standards bodies are cited first. A source being listed here does not mean it supports every claim made by sellers; it supports the specific statement it is attached to.
- Pandit S, Biswas S, Jana U, De RK, Mukhopadhyay SC, Biswas TK. Clinical evaluation of purified Shilajit on testosterone levels in healthy volunteers. Andrologia 48(5):570–575, 2016. PMID 26395129. View source (opens in a new tab) [Randomised controlled trial]
- Keller JL, Housh TJ, Hill EC, Smith CM, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. The effects of Shilajit supplementation on fatigue-induced decreases in muscular strength and serum hydroxyproline levels. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 16:3, 2019. doi:10.1186/s12970-019-0270-2; PMID 30728074. View source (opens in a new tab) [Randomised controlled trial]
- Das A, El Masry MS, Gnyawali SC, et al.. Skin transcriptome of middle-aged women supplemented with natural herbo-mineral shilajit shows induction of microvascular and extracellular matrix mechanisms. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 38(6):526–536, 2019. doi:10.1080/07315724.2018.1564088; PMID 31161927. View source (opens in a new tab) [Randomised controlled trial (biomarkers)]
- Pingali U, Nutalapati C. Shilajit extract reduces oxidative stress, inflammation, and bone loss to dose-dependently preserve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine 105:154334, 2022. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154334; PMID 35933897. View source (opens in a new tab) [Randomised controlled trial]
- Examine. Does tongkat ali increase testosterone levels?. examine.com. View source (opens in a new tab) [Evidence summary (secondary)]
- Mosavi et al.. Effects of oral Shilajit tablets on sexual function and sexual quality of life among reproductive-aged women: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial. Traditional Medicine Research 8(11):66, 2023. View source (opens in a new tab) [Randomised controlled trial]